Outcome of Adolescents and Young Adults Compared With Pediatric Patients With Acute Myeloid and Promyelocytic Leukemia.

Abstract

Studies on the outcome of adolescents and young adults (AYAs) with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) are limited. We compared the outcome of AYA (19-30 years) patients with AML and PML and pediatric (0-18 years) patients with AML (pAMLs) and APL (pAPLs) utilizing the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results-18 registry. Early mortality rate (EMR), defined as mortality within 1 month of diagnosis, was used as a surrogate for treatment-related mortality. Survival statistics were computed using the Kaplan-Meier method. Multivariate analysis was done using logistic regression and the Cox proportional hazard regression model. A total of 6343 patients with AML were identified; 44.7% were AYAs. pAMLs had lower EMR (6.2% vs. 9.2%; P< .01) and higher overall survival (OS) (1-year, 70.3% vs. 62.1%; 5-year, 48.2% vs. 36.4%; P< .01). Nine hundred twenty patients with APL were also identified; 59.5% were AYAs. No statistically significant difference was found between AYAs with APL and pAPLs in EMR (11.4% vs. 14.1%; P= .23) and OS (1-year, 83.8% vs. 81.2%; P= .31 and 5-year, 68.2% vs. 73.1%; P= .11]. Comparing all patients with AML and APL, AYAs with APL and pAPLs had higher EMR (11.4% and 14.1% vs. 6.2% and 9.2%; P≤ .01) but better OS than AYAs with AML and pAMLs (5-year OS, 68.2% and 73.1% vs. 48.2% and 36.4%; P≤ .01). Our analysis shows AYAs with AML have worse EMR and OS compared with pAMLs. AYAs with APL and pAPLs have similar outcomes. To our knowledge, this is the first study reporting outcomes of AYAs with APL and pAPLs using a large population-based registry and their comparison with same age patients with AML.