Outcome expectations and realizations as predictors of weight regain among dieters

Abstract

This prospective study tested whether (a) baseline outcome expectations regarding the benefits of a weight-loss diet, (b) 6-month outcome realizations regarding perceived benefits actually experienced, and/or (c) the interaction between them predicted 6–12-month weight regain among overweight/obese women randomized to one of four popular weight-loss diets ( N = 311). Positive 6-month realizations regarding improvements in physical shape and appearance predicted less 6–12-month weight regain among Atkins diet participants only ( n = 70), controlling for baseline expectations, the expectations–realization interaction, and initial weight loss. Atkins participants displayed three distinct patterns of regain based on levels of 6-month realizations and initial weight loss. Experimental research should investigate whether improving realizations leads to reduced weight regain in response to this popular diet.