Outcome Evaluation of a Public Health Intervention on Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) Prevention Among Women Aged 40-64 with Low Incomes in Nebraska.

Abstract

To evaluate the effectiveness of the program interventions on cardiovascular disease in Nebraska women who are low income and have no health insurance. This evaluation used pre- and post-comparison approach. Paired t test and McNemar's test were used to examine the changes after the program interventions. Nebraska women aged 40 to 64 years, without health insurance, and with household incomes up to 225% Federal Poverty Level. A network of community-clinical linkages in which medical providers provided preventive screening services and risk reduction counseling in clinical settings and community health workers provided lifestyle interventions in community settings either over the phone or in person. The data included weight, blood pressure measures, self-blood pressure monitoring and management, total cholesterol, fasting glucose or A1C, smoking status, nutrition, and physical activities. Among 2649 participants, 82.2% were overweight, 50.3% had hypertension, 52.7% had high cholesterol, 20.7% had diabetes, 22.5% were current smokers, and 56.4% had more than 1 risk factor. A total of 1312 participants (57.3%) participated in at least 1 lifestyle intervention session, and among them, 65.8% completed at least 3 sessions. Paired t test and McNemar's test indicated significant improvement in hypertension control and self-management; a significant amount of weight loss with 24.1% losing at least 5 pounds; and an increase in healthy eating and physical activity. These participants benefited from the Nebraska program. Utilizing a statewide clinical network and participating in lifestyle interventions through local health departments, participants improved some chronic health conditions and decreased their risks of developing cardiovascular diseases.