Abstract
Outcome evaluation is a cognitive process that people rely on feedback information to evaluate behavior results. It can help people to modify the previous mistakes in order to facilitate the performance of the behavior. In the present study, we examined sex differences in outcome evaluation when men and women performed a “Chuck-A-Luck” dice game with a same-versus opposite-sex partner. We recruited 40 college students (Half of women) to perform the gambling game task, and event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded for outcome feed back when male or female participants performed the game alone, or with same-versus opposite-sex partners. Two main findings are reported in our study. (1) FRN amplitude of same-sex condition was significantly greater than alone condition for male when the feedback was loss. However, FRN amplitude of opposite-sex condition was significantly greater than alone condition for female when feedback was loss. (2) The loss feedback induced greater P300 than gain only in alone condition. It suggests that sex differences in outcome evaluation is a complex process that is partially influenced by the partner’s sex.
Highlights
Individuals can quickly and accurately evaluate the valence of feedback information, and modify the previous mistakes in order to facilitate the performance of the behavior, which is called outcome evaluation (Sun and Luo, 2008)
For mixed-sex condition, other studies have found that individuals perform better while interacting with opposite-sex partners than with same-sex partners (Hirnstein et al, 2014; Cheng et al, 2015). These findings suggest that sex differences in social sensitivity might be modulated by the social context of sameversus opposite-sex partner
The simple effect analysis revealed that feedback-related negativity (FRN) amplitude of same condition was significantly greater than alone condition for male when the result was loss
Summary
Individuals can quickly and accurately evaluate the valence of feedback information, and modify the previous mistakes in order to facilitate the performance of the behavior, which is called outcome evaluation (Sun and Luo, 2008). It is one of the important functions of the cognitive system. Many studies have traditionally measured the brain activities of outcome evaluation when participants were performing a task alone (Zhou et al, 2010; Luo et al, 2011). Unlike the task used by Boksem et al (2011), using a joint task in which
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