Abstract
Abstract A serious outbreak of hairy caterpillars occurred in cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum Maton) plantations in the Mackimalai area of Kerala, India in 1981–82. The predominant species was Eupterote canaraica Moore, but E cardamomi Renga was also present. It is thought that the caterpillars migrated into the plantations from a nearby forest reserve. Out of a total plantation area of 161.84 ha, 133.52 ha were almost completely destroyed. This resulted in a total yield loss of 3380 kg of cardamom, valued at US $76,222. Integrated control measures are recommended, to include the provision of treeless buffer zones, collection of caterpillars by hand, continual surveillance, spraying with 50% w.p. BHC or carbaryl when necessary and possible biological control by Sturmia sericariae Cornalia (Tachinidae) and Aphanistes eupterotes Cushm. (Ichneumonidae).
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