Abstract
BackgroundTo investigate the carbapenem resistance mechanisms and clonal relationship of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB) strains isolated in the intensive care unit (ICU) of the First Affiliated Hospital of Jiamusi University, management approaches to ICU clonal CRAB outbreaks were described.MethodsThe sensitivity of the antibiotic was determined using the VITEK-2 automated system. Carbapenemase genes (blaTEM, blaSHV, blaKPC, blaNDM, blaIMP-4, blaVIM, blaOXA-23, blaOXA-24, blaOXA-51, and blaOXA-58), AmpC enzyme genes (blaACC, blaDHA, blaADC), and ISAba1 were assessed for all collected isolates using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The transfer of resistance genes was investigated via conjugation experiments. The clonal relationship of isolates was determined via enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus (ERIC)-PCR and multilocus sequence typing (MLST). When the detection rate of CRAB increased from 25% in 2010 to 92% in 2014, a number of actions were initiated, including enhanced infection control, staff education, and the cleaning of the hospital environment.ResultsClinical isolates were positive for the following genes: blaOXA23, blaOXA51, blaOXA24, blaADC, blaTEM, ISAba1, ISA-23, and ISA-ADC; however, blaOXA58, ISA-51, blaNDM, blaIMP, blaKPC, blaTEM, blaSHV, blaVIM, and blaACC were not detected. Four carbapenem-resistant isolates successfully transferred plasmids from A. baumannii isolates to E. coli J53. MLST showed that all strains belonged to ST2 except for one isolate, which belonged to the new genotype ST1199. The ERIC-PCR method found the following three genotypes: type A in 8, type B in 12, type C in 1, and two profiles (A, B) belonged to ST2. After taking control measures, the prevalence of CRAB isolates decreased, and the discovery rate of CRAB dropped to 11.4% in 2017.ConclusionThe obtained result suggests that blaOXA-23-producing CC2 isolates were prevalent in the ICU of the First Affiliated Hospital of Jiamusi University. Targeted surveillance was implemented to identify the current situation of the ICU and the further implementation of infection control effectively prevented the spread of nosocomial infection.
Highlights
To investigate the carbapenem resistance mechanisms and clonal relationship of carbapenemresistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB) strains isolated in the intensive care unit (ICU) of the First Affiliated Hospital of Jiamusi University, management approaches to ICU clonal CRAB outbreaks were described
Liu et al reported the dissemination of multidrug resistant (MDR) blaOXA-23-producing A. baumannii clones in 18 provinces of China [6]; there is a lack of knowledge about the molecular mechanism of CRAB in Heilongjiang province, China
The ICU detection rate of A. baumannii increased from 19% in 2010 to 34.4% in 2017, and the detection rate of CRAB increased from 25% in 2010 to 92% in 2014
Summary
To investigate the carbapenem resistance mechanisms and clonal relationship of carbapenemresistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB) strains isolated in the intensive care unit (ICU) of the First Affiliated Hospital of Jiamusi University, management approaches to ICU clonal CRAB outbreaks were described. Acinetobacter baumannii (Ab) is a Gram-negative pathogen that can cause opportunistic infection, ventilator-related pneumonia, as well as infections of the bloodstream, urinary tract, skin, and soft tissue [1, 2]. It has been widely reported in health-care settings and hospitals worldwide. Patients with low immune function and hospitalized in intensive care units (ICU) are more likely to be colonized or infected with A. baumannii. Liu et al reported the dissemination of multidrug resistant (MDR) blaOXA-23-producing A. baumannii clones in 18 provinces of China [6]; there is a lack of knowledge about the molecular mechanism of CRAB in Heilongjiang province, China
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