Abstract

Humanity has battled with various epidemics, pandemics and natural disasters throughout history since it began to live in communities, still continuing to do so. In the past, it was very difficult to overcome many of these phenomena both at global and regional level, and even many people were killed. However, during the plagues, countries attempted to develop a number of strategies, tactics and methods within the scope of combating the epidemic. At this point, these struggles, measures and actions have facilitated prevention and spread of outbreaks, and sometimes they have not been sufficiently efficacious. On the other hand, struggles with epidemics, pandemics and natural disasters, which deeply affect all segments of the society in terms of social, cultural and economic aspects as well as mental and physical health, have been inherited to the present day, becoming a vast accumulation of practices to be re-applied in possible disasters humanity will face. The main point lies in the fact that here is that the struggles fought in traditional societies and modern societies have different characteristics. Especially in those traditional societies where medicine and technology are underdeveloped, the struggles carried out within uncertain constraints have caused pandemics and epidemics to last longer. The modern society we live in today, on the other hand, is on the verge of several risks and threats unlike traditional societies. When we consider the modern society within the risk society approaches, the present risks should also be thoroughly discussed. In this context, epidemics, which are a type of natural disaster, and the methods of combating them should be investigated within the framework of risk and crisis management due to the risks in modern society.

Highlights

  • Considering the history of outbreaks as a biological phenomenon, it is obvious that they are as old as human history

  • The microorganisms, which are the main source of outbreaks that cause the mass casualties, have not been recognized for a long time because they are too small to be discovered

  • Since the risk of contracting any epidemic disease was low in traditional society periods when there was no sedentary life and people relied their lives on hunting and gathering, it was nearly impossible to know about these diseases

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Summary

Introduction

Considering the history of outbreaks as a biological phenomenon, it is obvious that they are as old as human history. Risk control and precautionary analysis following the risk evaluation phase are of vital importance for risk management since the tools and precise strategies that reduce, inhibit or eliminate the risk are determined at this step [18] At this point, it is necessary to identify a number of methods in line with the data obtained from the epidemics in the past. In the event of an epidemic, the answers sought to the questions listed above and the answers given to these questions will make it possible to make a successful risk and crisis management evaluation about the disease Another important issue at this point is to be able to adapt past experiences to today’s conditions by learning from past experiences and knowledge, whether or not the disease that caused the epidemic has the same characteristics as in the previous period. The best way to prevent the infection is to avoid exposure to the virüs [25]

Global overview
Overview of Turkey
COVID-19 outbrak management in Turkey
Risk factors
Morbidity and Mortality Criteria
Intervention Opportunities/Capacity
Individual Precautions Regarding Disease Control
Social Precautions Regarding Disease Control
Bottom Phase
Planning shifting to routine health services at all levels including primary health care
Governance
Full Text
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