Abstract
Otitis media (OM) complications are very infrequent in the post-antibiotic era. They can be secondary to acute otitis media or chronic otitis media, with or without cholesteatoma. OM complications are classified as extracranial (EOMC) and intracranial (IOMC). Acute mastoiditis is the most frequent EOMC. IOMC are less common than EOMC, but far more severe, with a mortality rate as high as 18 %. About half of IOMC patients have more than one complication simultaneously. Acute meningitis and cerebral abscess are the most common IOMC. Most of clinical reports indicate that OMC incidence has been stable during the past years. It is a matter of interest and study to know if the implementation of acute otitis media diagnosis and treatment guidelines, introduction of pneumococcal vaccines, and changes in bacterial susceptibility have modified the natural course of OM complications or will affect these in the years to come.
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