Abstract
After World War II, one of the most immediate humanitarian problems in Europe was that of the refugees. The International Refugee Organization (IRO) was put in charge of providing them with material assistance and migration services. For the latter purpose, the IRO operated a fleet of twelve ships, which transported refugees who had been accepted as immigrants to America, Australia and New Zealand. The IRO, however, was disbanded at the end of 1951 as the contributing governments, notably the United States, found its operations too costly. The IRO had by then assisted some 1.2 million refugees, most of them in Europe. As a first replacement, the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, UNHCR, was created in 1951 to take care of questions concerning the legal status of refugees. But there was still a need for an organization to continue IRO’s migration services (Cf. report on UNHCR above).
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