Osteosynthesis of the Mandibular Condyle With Magnesium-Based Biodegradable Headless Compression Screws Show Good Clinical Results During a 1-Year Follow-Up Period

Abstract

The use of titanium-based implants in mandibular condyle fractures can require implant removal because of screw penetration through the condylar surface. The use of biodegradable implants can avoid a second operation for implant removal and the associated possible complications. We investigated the clinical and radiologic outcomes of osteosynthesis of mandibular condyle fractures (MCFs) with biodegradable magnesium-based compression screws. We performed a retrospective observational study of 6 patients who had been treated at our department. We recorded the changes in jaw movements over time, occlusion, and possible complications at defined intervals of 1, 3, 6, and 12months postoperatively. We also compared the preoperative computed tomography (CT) scans with the postoperative cone-beam CT (CBCT) scans at 6 and 12months postoperatively to evaluate mandibular condyle healing and screw degradation. Of the 6 patients, 4 were men and 2 were women, with a mean age of 43.2years (range, 30 to 66years). All 6 patients had unilateral MCFs. All the patients showed well-restored function of the temporomandibular joint with significant improvement in mouth opening (46.17±6.49mm), right (10.67±1.03mm) and left (10.67±1.97mm) laterotrusion, and protrusion (10.17±1.33mm) distances to physiologic values. The CBCT scans showed the remodeling processes of the mandibular condyle and a few radiolucencies indicating the magnesium-based screws. Although penetration of 1 screw tip through the condylar surface had occurred, no implant removal was necessary owing to biodegradation of the implant. The results of the present study have shown that biodegradable magnesium-based compression screws provide good clinical results and avoid implant removal.