Osteosynthese von Frakturen der hinteren Wand des Azetabulums

Abstract

Open anatomic reduction and stable internal fixation of a posterior wall fracture of the acetabulum by screw and plate osteosynthesis via the Kocher-Langenbeck appoach. Displaced fractures or fracture-dislocations of the posterior wall of the acetabulum in combination with an unstable hip joint, presence of an additional femoral head fracture or intraarticular fragments, reduction inability in fracture-dislocations or deterioration of an additional sciatic nerve injury. Poor general condition (due to additional injuries or medical disease). Local soft-tissue damage. Presence of only small bony avulsion fragments of the posterior capsule with hip joint stability. Open reduction of the posterior wall fracture with stable internal fixation by screw and plate osteosynthesis. Depending on their presence: reduction and fixation of marginal impaction zones. Partial weight bearing of the injured side with 15 kg body weight for 6 weeks. Thereafter, pain-dependent weight bearing. In cases of marginal impaction partial weight bearing is extended to 12 weeks. Between January 1, 1972 and December 31, 2005, 137 patients with fractures of the posterior wall of the acetabulum were treated operatively. A high-velocity trauma was the cause of injury in 91.1% of cases. 94.1% of these patients had an additional hip dislocation, which was reduced within 6 h post injury in 83.7%. A primary sciatic nerve injury was present in 22.2%. Additional injuries to the acetabular cartilage were found in 43%, additional femoral head lesions in 27.4%, and Pipkin fractures in 14.1%. Anatomic joint reconstruction (0-1 mm) was observed in 96.3%, the other five patients had near anatomic reconstructions (2-5 mm). All hip joints were congruent on conventional radiography. The overall complication rate was 11.8%. Osteosynthesis-related complications were seen in 6.7%. 86 patients had follow-up results after a mean of 52 months. A perfect or good functional result (Merle d'Aubigné Score) was observed in 73.3% of cases, a posttraumatic arthrosis of the hip joint was present in 31.4%.