Osteoprogenitor cells in cell populations derived from mouse and rat calvaria differ in their response to corticosterone, cortisol, and cortisone

Abstract

Osteoprogenitors present in cell populations derived from fetal or newborn rat and mouse calvaria differentiate in long term culture and form osteoblastic bone-forming colonies (bone nodules). Previous reports have indicated considerable differences between bone cell populations derived from these two species with regard to their proliferation in response to glucocorticoids. In the present investigation, we have focused on proliferation and differentiation of osteoprogenitor cells in these bone cell populations and evaluated the effect of corticosterone, the principal glucocorticoid of both mouse and rat. Cells were isolated by sequential collagenase digestion from calvaria of newborn (2–5 days) CD-1 mice [mouse calvariae (MC) cells] and term fetal Wistar rats [rat calvaria (RC) cells] and cultured for up to 25 days in α-minimal essential medium containing 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS), antibiotics, 50 μg/mL ascorbic acid, and 8–10 mmol/L β-glycerophosphate. In agreement with previous observations by us and others, corticosterone increased cell growth in RC cell cultures, but inhibited cell growth in MC cultures. In RC cell cultures, corticosterone (1–1000 nmol/L) increased the nodule number in a dose-dependent manner ( p < 0.001 for all concentrations above 3 nmol/L) with a maximal effect at 300 and 1000 nmol/L (threefold increase over control). In MC cells, on the other hand, corticosterone (0.3–1000 nmol/L) increased the nodule number only at 30 nmol/L (50%, p < 0.01) but inhibited nodule formation by 33% ( p < 0.001) at 1000 nmol/L. In both RC and MC cultures a linear relationship was found between the number of cells plated and number of nodules formed. When cultures were treated with cortisol (30–300 nmol/L), similar effects were observed; the number of nodules dose dependently increased in RC cell cultures and dose dependently decreased in MC cell cultures. Significantly, however, the inactive glucocorticoid cortisone also increased bone nodule formation in RC cell cultures and decreased bone nodule formation in MC cell cultures. Carbenoxolone, which blocks 11 β hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and thus prevents conversion of cortisone to cortisol, partially inhibited the cortisone-induced effects on bone nodule formation in both RC and MC cell cultures, indicating that both RC and MC cells can convert inactive glucocorticoids to active metabolites. In conclusion, our results show that the glucocorticoids corticosterone and cortisol inhibit proliferation and differentiation of osteoprogenitors in MC cell cultures but stimulate these processes in rat-derived osteoprogenitors.