Abstract
One primary purpose of the present study is to clarify whether the highly porous, resorbable Ca/P/S-based bone substitute used in this study would still induce an osteoporotic bone when implanted into the osteoporotic vertebral defects of ovariectomized (OVX) goats, or the newly-grown bone would expectantly be rather healthy bone. The bone substitute material used for the study is a synthetic, 100% inorganic, highly porous and fast-resorbable Ca/P/S-based material (Ezechbone® Granule CBS-400). The results show that the OVX procedure along with a low calcium diet and breeding away from light can successfully induce osteoporosis in the present female experimental goats. The histological examination reveals a newly-formed trabecular bone network within the surgically-created defect of the CBS-400-implanted (OVX_IP) goat. This new trabecular bone network in the OVX_IP goat appears much denser than the OVX goat and comparable to the healthy control goat. Histomorphometry show that, among all the experimental goats, the OVX_IP goat has the highest trabecular thickness and lowest trabecular bone packet prevalence. The differences in trabecular plate separation, trabecular number and trabecular bone tissue area ratio between the OVX_IP goat and the control goat are not significant, indicating that the trabecular bone architecture of the OVX_IP goat has substantially recovered to the normal level in about 6 months after implantation without signs of osteoporosis-related delay in the bone maturing process. The quick and nicely recovered trabecular architecture parameters observed in the OVX_IP goat indicate that the present Ca/P/S-based bone substitute material has a high potential to treat osteoporotic fractures.
Highlights
Osteoporosis has become a major public health issue in the world today (Curtis et al, 2017)
Except one control goat which was fed and bred normally, the other three goats underwent OVX, fed with a low calcium diet and bred away from light to help induce osteoporosis (Clements et al, 1987; Kubo et al, 1999; Namkung-Matthai et al, 2001). 18 months after the OVX procedure, artificial bone voids in vertebral bodies were surgically created in two OVX-induced osteoporotic goats, while the third goat was sacrificed and designated “OVX goat.”
As clearly demonstrated in the micrographs, the trabecular structure in the OVX goat is much more porous and the trabeculae therein are much thinner than the control goat
Summary
Osteoporosis has become a major public health issue in the world today (Curtis et al, 2017). It was estimated that about half women and one fifth men older than 50 could suffer from one of osteoporosis-related fractures in their lifetime (Sözen et al, 2017). Immobility and menopause are known as the most common causes of osteoporosis. It is known that reduced estrogen at menopause could accelerate bone loss in women, and that estrogen deficiency might be more important than testosterone deficiency in causing bone loss in aging men (Falahati-Nini et al, 2000). The treatment for aging-related osteoporosis has largely been focusing on the stimulation of osteoblast activity and/or the inhibition of osteoclast activity. Both osteoclast activity-suppressing antiresorptive agents and osteoblast activity-enhancing anabolic agents have been developed. The antiresorptive agents include estrogen, selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM), calcitonin, bisphosphonates and denosumab
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