Abstract
The article is devoted to one of the relevant problems of modern medicine - osteoporosis. Osteoporosis epidemiology, risk factors, diagnostic approaches, which are confirmed in domestic and foreign researches, are discussed. Particular attention is paid to the ambiguity and inconsistency of information on osteoporosis in childhood and adolescence, as well as the lack of convincing studies of this issue in children's sports medicine. The authors analyze the generally accepted approaches to the identification of risk groups for the osteoporosis development in children, the predisposing factors and the complex issues of osteoporosis diagnostics. Paper includes data on own observations of the most complex group of children and adolescents involved in sport, including professional sport. A separate section is devoted to the analysis of prescribed medications for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis in children and young athletes. The data are presented in accordance with the official information provided by World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA, 2017).
Highlights
Despite the fact that the problem of osteoporosis is most relevant to the high risk of bone fractures in elderly and senile patients, nowadays, worldwide data shows significant osteoporosis signs presence in athletes of all ages including juniors
Research data shows that low rate of peak bone mass, calcium intake, and vitamin D supplementation, nutritional features, and excessive physical activity are significant factors that determine and/or predispose to osteoporosis development
Osteoporosis in children is considered as a calciumdeficient disease [6]
Summary
Despite the fact that the problem of osteoporosis is most relevant to the high risk of bone fractures in elderly and senile patients, nowadays, worldwide data shows significant osteoporosis signs presence in athletes of all ages including juniors. Research data shows that low rate of peak bone mass, calcium intake, and vitamin D supplementation, nutritional features (including regional features), and excessive physical activity are significant factors that determine and/or predispose to osteoporosis development These factors are often revealed in professional athletes of different ages and with different sport experience [3,4,5]. Osteopenia can be iatrogenic – as a result of medicine taking: systemic use of steroid hormones, thyroid hormones, anticonvulsants (phenobarbital, etc.), heparin (long-term therapy – 3 months or more), chemotherapeutic drugs, antacids with prolonged use (especially aluminum containing), etc These factors affect peak bone mass formation, which can result in pathological osteomalacia with osteoporosis, high risk of bone deformities and fractures in young and elderly age. Classical osteoporosis symptoms cannot be uniquely used for diagnosis verifying in professional athletes
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