Osteoporosis in Adults with Mental Illnesses: A systematic review.

Abstract

Review question/objective The review objectives are: •To synthesize the best available evidence on the prevalence of osteoporosis and fractures as a consequence of osteoporosis in adults (aged 18 years and above) with mental illnesses. •To synthesize the best available evidence on the risk factors for osteoporosis in adults (aged 18 years and above) with mental illnesses. •To synthesize the best available evidence on the risk factors for fractures as a consequence of osteoporosis in adults (aged 18 years and above) with mental illnesses. Specifically, this review seeks to answer the following questions: •What is the evidence on the estimates of the prevalence of osteoporosis and fractures as a consequence of osteoporosis in adults with mental illnesses? •What are the factors that place adults with illnesses at risk for osteoporosis? •What are the factors that place adults with mental illnesses at risk for fractures as a consequence of osteoporosis? Inclusion criteria Types of participants This review will consider all studies which include adults (aged 18 years and above) diagnosed with mental illnesses according to any editions of the diagnostic manual of ICD (International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems), or DSM (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders). For studies where participants do not have the symptomatology to meet the full diagnostic criteria stipulated in ICD or DSM, these studies will be included only if the participants have met certain conditions of having mental illnesses as set forth by the authors. Studies that examine psychiatric symptoms in relation to bone mineral density or osteoporosis will also be included. Types of intervention(s)/phenomena of interest All studies that examine the issue of osteoporosis or fractures as a consequence of osteoporosis in adults with mental illnesses will be considered for inclusion in the review. In addition, studies that investigate factors that are linked to poor bone health status, that is, the risk of osteoporosis or fractures in adults with mental illnesses will be considered. Types of outcomes This review will consider studies that include the following outcomes: •Studies that report the prevalence of osteoporosis or fractures as a consequence of osteoporosis in adults with mental illnesses •Studies that examine the risk factors associated with osteoporosis or fractures as a consequence of osteoporosis in adults with mental illnesses •Studies that examine mental illnesses as a risk factor for osteoporosis or fractures as a consequence of osteoporosis.