Abstract
Each year in the United States, hip fractures result in approximately 300,000 hospital admissions and an estimated $9 billion in direct medical costs. Most of these fractures result from osteoporosis among women who experience accelerated bone loss after natural or surgically induced menopause. Measurement of bone mineral density (BMD) is the best tool available to assess osteoporotic fracture risk for women after menopause; a reduction of one standard deviation (SD) in femoral BMD is comparable to a 14-year increase in age on the risk for hip fracture. A technology that allows highly accurate and precise measurement of BMD is dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA). CDC's Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) was the first nationally representative survey that used DXA to estimate osteoporosis prevalence based on BMD in the U.S. population, providing baseline information for assessing national prevention and intervention needs for this disease. This report compares self-reported health information with BMD measurements from NHANES III conducted during 1988-1994; the findings indicate that most estrogen-deficient women in the United States who had femoral osteoporosis based on BMD were unaware of having this condition, reflecting the evolving nature of research and clinical practice regarding osteoporosis.
Highlights
This study focused on children enrolled at Group Health Cooperative of Puget Sound (GHC), a Seattle-based
After adjusting for sex, trends over time, Medicaid status, and primary clinic, GHC children receiving inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV) as their first polio vaccination were as likely to be upto-date at age 12 months as children receiving oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV)
Measurements from NHANES III conducted during 1988-1994; the findings indicate that most estrogen-deficient women in the United States who had femoral osteoporosis based on bone mineral density (BMD) were unaware of having this condition, reflecting the evolving nature of research and clinical practice regarding osteoporosis
Summary
Recommended adoption of a sequential inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV)oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) vaccination schedule.[1]. After adjusting for sex, trends over time, Medicaid status, and primary clinic, GHC children receiving IPV as their first polio vaccination were as likely to be upto-date at age 12 months as children receiving OPV CDC Editorial Note: The findings in this report indicate that use of IPV for the initial polio vaccine doses in these two West coast HMOs was not associated with decreases in vaccination coverage levels These findings are consistent with evaluations conducted in other settings, including clinics serving children from lowincome families.[4,5,6]. FROM THE CENTERS FOR DISEASE CONTROL AND PREVENTION vaccination schedule was implemented to a much greater degree in the HMO that used a more centralized decision making process than in the HMO that relied on local decision making (82% compared with 36%, respectively, for the percentage of children who received IPV for their initial polio vaccination). OPV remains the vaccine of choice for mass vaccination campaigns to control outbreaks associated with wild poliovirus
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