Abstract
The authors would like to thank Miguel Sasieta and Juan Mari Arruabarrena (both Munibe Group, Azkoitia, Spain) for providing local support and collaboration in the excavation of the Kiputz IX site. Thanks also to Christine Laurin for providing linguistic assistance. The authors would like to express gratitude to Julia Maroto (Universitat de Girona, Spain), Claude Guerin (Universite de Lyon, France) and two anonymous reviewers, as well as the Associate Editor Felix G. Marx (National Museum of Nature and Science, Tsukuba, Japan) for critical remarks and recommendations that improved the manuscript. This work was financially supported by UNESCO 09/01 and EHU10/32 research projects of the Basque Country University, Spain (UPV/EHU) and by the BFI.09.21/AE F.P.U. Ph.D. research grant of Basque Country Government.
Highlights
Fossil remains of reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) occurring outside their present range are an important indicator of formerly cold climatic conditions, but are confused with those of the red deer (Cervus elaphus)
The locality of Kiputz IX has yielded one of the best-preserved Late Pleistocene reindeer populations of the southern Pyrenees, occurring in association with Bison priscus and the much more abundant Cervus elaphus. Fossil remains from this site are mostly complete and not affected by human intervention, creating the perfect conditions for reliable osteometric analyses
We quantify diagnostic morphological features of the scapula and the humerus of Cervus elaphus and Rangifer tarandus to establish the potential of these bones to aid in interspecific discrimination
Summary
Fossil remains of reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) occurring outside their present range are an important indicator of formerly cold climatic conditions, but are confused with those of the red deer (Cervus elaphus). The locality of Kiputz IX has yielded one of the best-preserved Late Pleistocene reindeer populations of the southern Pyrenees, occurring in association with Bison priscus and the much more abundant Cervus elaphus.
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