Abstract
The seventeen species of Parioglossus (Perciformes, Gobioidei) form a group of small fishes that inhabit the warm temperate to tropical regions of the western Pacific and Indian Oceans. A revised key to the species, based on external characters, is provided. Using external characters and osteology, a parsimony analysis of 24 characters of the 17 described species resulted in five equally most parsimonious trees. The strict consensus tree of these five trees supports the monophyly of Parioglossus. There is a basal polytomy, within which are monophyletic subgroups, one consisting only of P. dotui and P. neocaledonicus. The other subgroup is fully resolved, and consists of (P. galzini (P.aporos (P. nudus, P. philippinus) (P. rainfordi (P. palustris (P. interruptus (P. taeniatus (P. formosus (P. sinensis, P. raoi)))))))). However, only two of the nodes have a support value of greater than one.
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