Osteointegration assessment by the resonant frequency analysis method in patients with different bone mineral density (clinical and biomechanical aspects): prospective study

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Dental implant stability depends on the mechanical bone properties in the area of the planned surgical intervention and the correctness of the implant embedded in the bone tissue. A significantly decreased bone tissue mineral density of the jaws was found in patients with osteoporosis, which complicates or even prevents the restoration of the integrity of the dentition by the dental implantation method.
 AIM: This study aimed to conduct a comparative assessment of the effectiveness of the treatment of dentition defects by dental implantation in patients with a normal state of bone tissue, osteopenia, and osteoporosis, to assess the stability of the installed implants using the resonance frequency analysis.
 MATERIALS AND METHODS: All patients underwent a densitometric study using double X-ray photon absorptiometry, in addition to the basic examination, in dental implantation operation preparation, which made it possible to identify systemic and regional changes in bone mineral density. Dental implant stability and osseointegration were controlled by the resonant frequency analysis method.
 RESULTS: The parameters of resonance frequency analysis in patients with normal bone mass, osteopenia, and osteoporosis vary depending on the area where the implants are installed when studying the implant stability in patients with different bone mineral densities. The overall index of resonance frequency analysis values differed from those of the group with osteopenia and osteoporosis, regardless of the area of implants installed in patients with normal bone tissue, and was respectively higher by 7.1% (p 0.001) and 10.1% (p 0.001), respectively. The overall index in the group with osteopenia was higher and differed from that in the group with osteoporosis by 5.7% (p 0.001).
 CONCLUSION: The resonance frequency analysis results provide significant information about the state of the implant-bone interface at different treatment stages and during follow-up examinations of patients. The measurement technique makes it possible to observe the dynamics of the osseointegration process, and, if necessary, make timely adjustments to the functional load. Resonance frequency analysis is an important method for documenting the clinical outcome of implantation. This is of particular importance from a medical-legal point of view.