Osteogenic potential of solid and porous phosphate glass microspheres as pulp capping materials

Abstract

This study investigated the morphology (Scanning Electron Microscope), chemistry (Elemental Analysis (EDX), Raman Spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction), thermal characteristics, cytocompatibility, and osteogenic potential of solid and porous phosphate-based glass microspheres for potential use as pulp-capping materials. Cytocompatibility was investigated using human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) through both direct and indirect (extracts) contact tests. Cells grown in normal cell culture medium and 10% dimethyl sulfoxide served as positive and negative controls, respectively. Unlike solid glass microspheres (GMs), porous GMs showed higher CaO mol% and crystalline structure. Both types of GMs supported the attachment, spreading, and viability of hDPSCs similar to the positive control. Cells grown in GMs’ extracts showed even higher viability, but less mineralization than those grown in direct contact with GMs. The presence of osteogenic supplements however did not have a significant effect on mineralisation. Accordingly, both solid and porous GMs show useful applicability as pulp-capping materials.