Osteogenic Differentiation Potential of Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Cultured on Magnesium Oxide/Polycaprolactone Nanofibrous Scaffolds for Improving Bone Tissue Reconstruction.

Zahra Niknam,Hakimeh Zali,Ali Golchin,Parviz Ranjbarvan,Meisam Omidi,Vahid Mansouri,Mostafa Rezaei –Tavirani

doi:10.34172/apb.2022.015

Abstract

Purpose: Recently, bone tissue engineering as a new strategy is used to repair and replace bone defects due to limitations in allograft and autograft methods. In this regard, we prepared nanofibrous scaffolds composed of polycaprolactone (PCL) and magnesium oxide (MgO) nanoparticles using the electrospinning technique for possible bone tissue engineering applications. Methods: The fabricated composites were characterized via scanning electron microscopy (SEM) imaging of scaffolds and seeded cells, water contact angle, DAPI staining, and MTT assay. Then osteogenic differentiation of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells cultured on this composite scaffold was determined by standard osteogenic marker tests, including alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, calcium deposition, and expression of osteogenic differentiation genes in the laboratory conditions. Results: The SEM analysis demonstrated that the diameter of nanofibers significantly decreased from 1029.25±209.349 µm to 537.83+0.140 nm, with the increase of MgO concentration to 2% (P < 0.05). Initial adhesion and proliferation of the adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells on MgO/PCL scaffolds were significantly enhanced with the increasing of MgO concentration (P < 0.05). The 2% MgO/PCL nanofibrous scaffold showed significant increase in ALP activity (P < 0.05) and osteogenic-related gene expressions (Col1a1 and OPN) (P < 0.05) in compared to pure PCL and (0, 0.5 and 1%) MgO/PCL scaffolds. Conclusion: According to the results, it was demonstrated that MgO/PCL composite nanofibers have considerable osteoinductive potential, and taking together adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells-MgO/PCL composite nanofibers can be a proper bio-implant to usage for bone regenerative medicine applications. Future in vivo studies are needed to determine this composite therapeutic potential.

Highlights

Bone tissue engineering is a new and developing option that can be the most effective substitute n for the traditional invasive methods of bone replacement, including allografts and autografts.[1]Around 4,000,000 bone grafting is performed worldwide annually, and bone grafts are the a second most common transplanting tissue in medical surgeries.[2,3,4] Both autografts and allografts possess excellent osteoinductive and osteoconductive properties
Initial adhesion and proliferation of the adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells on magnesium oxide/polycaprolactone scaffolds were significantly enhanced with the increasing of magnesium oxide concentration (p
Ip Conclusion: According to the results, it was demonstrated that magnesium oxide/polycaprolactone composite nanofibers have considerable osteoinductive potential, and r taking together adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells-magnesium oxide/polycaprolactone composite nanofibers can be a proper bio-implant to usage for bone regenerative medicine c applications

Summary

Introduction

Around 4,000,000 bone grafting is performed worldwide annually, and bone grafts are the a second most common transplanting tissue in medical surgeries.[2,3,4] Both autografts and allografts possess excellent osteoinductive and osteoconductive properties. Still, they have limitations such as procurement morbidity and constraints on available quantities, limited. Recently reported that white Portland cement enriched with ZnO and ZrO2 increased ALP activity and Ca2+ ion release of human dental pulp stem cells over a p defined time.[9]

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Conclusion