Abstract
A previous study reported the structural characterization of biogenic apatite (BAp) thin films realized by a pulsed electron deposition system by ablation of deproteinized bovine bone. Thin films annealed at 400°C exhibited composition and crystallinity degree very close to those of biogenic apatite; this affinity is crucial for obtaining faster osseointegration compared to conventional, thick hydroxyapatite (HA) coatings, for both orthopedics and dentistry. Here, we investigated the adhesion, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells (hDPCS) on as-deposited and heat-treated BAp and stoichiometric HA. First, we showed that heat-treated BAp films can significantly promote hDPSC adhesion and proliferation. Moreover, hDPSCs, while initially maintaining the typical fibroblast-like morphology and stemness surface markers, later started expressing osteogenic markers such as Runx-2 and OSX. Noteworthy, when cultured in an osteogenic medium on annealed BAp films, hDPSCs were also able to reach a more mature and terminal commitment, with respect to HA and as-deposited films. Our findings suggest that annealed BAp films not only preserve the typical biological properties of stemness of, hDPSCs but also improve their ability of osteogenic commitment.
Highlights
For over 20 years in the orthopedic and dental field, metal implants—intended to mechanically interlock and biologically integrate with the host bone tissue—have been routinely coated with bioactive calcium phosphate films in order to overcome their intrinsic bioinertness [1]
A previous study reported the structural characterization of biogenic apatite (BAp) thin films realized by a pulsed electron deposition system by ablation of deproteinized bovine bone
We investigated the adhesion, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells on such biogenic apatite films, in order to pave the way for future preclinical studies
Summary
For over 20 years in the orthopedic and dental field, metal implants—intended to mechanically interlock and biologically integrate with the host bone tissue—have been routinely coated with bioactive calcium phosphate films in order to overcome their intrinsic bioinertness [1]. Detrimental failure of sprayed HA coatings has been pointed out [5], mainly related to interface delamination, fatigue, or occurrence of cracks. Because of these issues, alternative deposition techniques such as magnetron sputtering and pulsed laser deposition have been increasingly explored with the aim of fabricating innovative coatings and exhibiting higher mechanical and—eventually—better clinical performance [6]
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