Osteogenic Differentiation Modulates the Cytokine, Chemokine, and Growth Factor Profile of ASCs and SHED.

Federico Mussano,Riccardo Ferracini,Sara Petrillo,Tullio Genova,Luca Munaron,Ilaria Roato

doi:10.3390/ijms19051454

Abstract

Great efforts have been made to improve bone regeneration techniques owing to a growing variety of sources of stem cells suitable for autologous transplants. Specifically, adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) and stems cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) hold great potential for bone tissue engineering and cell therapy. After a preliminary characterization of the main biomolecules ASCs and SHED released in their conditioned media, cells were kept both in normal and osteo-inducing conditions. Conventional assays were performed to prove their osteogenic potential such as quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) (for RUNX-2, collagen type I, osteopontin and osteonectin), alkaline phosphatase activity, osteocalcin production, and von Kossa staining. Conditioned media were tested again after the osteogenic induction and compared to maintaining condition both at base line and after 14 days of culture. The osteogenic condition inhibited the release of all the biomolecules, with the exception, concerning SHED, of growth-regulated alpha protein precursor (GROα), and, to a lesser extent, interleukin (IL)-8. In conclusion, our data support that undifferentiated ASCs and SHED may be preferable to committed ones for general cell therapy approaches, due to their higher paracrine activity. Osteoinduction significantly affects the cytokine, chemokine, and growth factor profile in a differential way, as SHED kept a more pronounced pro-angiogenic signature than ASCs.

Highlights

With more than 2 million bone grafts performed annually worldwide, bone reconstruction is a primary task of regenerative medicine [1]
Our data support that undifferentiated adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) and stems cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) may be preferable to committed ones for general cell therapy approaches, due to their higher paracrine activity
To assess the expression profile of growth factors, cytokines, and interleukins produced by these mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), a standard panel of factors was evaluated (Figure 2, Table 1)

Summary

Introduction

With more than 2 million bone grafts performed annually worldwide, bone reconstruction is a primary task of regenerative medicine [1]. Autologous bone graft is deemed the safest and most effective grafting procedure [2]. The autograft entails a surgical “donor” site, which often brings additional morbidity, including pain and infections [3]. The bone source is usually limited [4]. Xenografts, coming from other species, are hindered by the absence of cells and the possible contamination. Most available synthetic bone substitutes lack the ability to induce bone formation [5]

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