Abstract
Poly-L-lysine (PLL) is commonly used as an adhibiting agent due to its good viscosity, and demineralized bone matrix (DBM) is a common enriched matrix for selective cell retention technology. Therefore, the aim of this study was to use PLL to coat the surface and interspaces of DBM to form a novel type of enriched matrix [DBM coated with PLL (PLL-DBM)], in order to effectively improve the enrichment effects of bone marrow stem cells and enhance their osteogenic ability. Electron microscope scanning and the infrared spectrum were used to observe the structure of PLL-DBM and the optimal conditions for the combination of PLL and DBM. Enriching effects on bone marrow nucleated cells (NCs) and platelets (PLTs) were detected with an automated hematology analyzer. The osteogenesis of the following four groups was assessed with a grafting bone model in a goat spinal transverse process: IA, tissue engineered bone (TEB) fabricated following enrichment of bone marrow with PLL-DBM; IB, autogenous iliac bone; IIC, TEB fabricated following enrichment of bone marrow with DBM; IID, blank DBM. The goats were sacrificed in one batch at week 16 after the surgery and the fusion specimens were examined using X-ray and three-dimensional computed tomography (CT). In addition, the CT value was determined and the histology and biomechanics were analyzed in order to evaluate the osteogenic ability. The results showed that PLL and DBM combined well and that PLL-DBM exhibited a natural mesh pore structure. The fold enrichment of NCs and PLTs with PLL-DBM was significantly higher than that with DBM. The fusion effects of the IA and IB groups were similar and significantly enhanced compared with those of the IIC and IID groups. The results confirmed that PLL-DBM is an ideal enriched matrix for bone marrow stem cells, and TEB rapidly fabricated by PLL-DBM intraoperatively enriched bone marrow stem cells exhibits an improved osteogenic ability.
Highlights
There is a significant clinical requirement for bone repair material with high osteogenic activity, and there are ~500,000 cases of bone graft operations every year in the USA [1]
The PLL‐demineralized bone matrix (DBM) surface and inner wall of mesh were covered by a milky white PLL coat, and the PLL formed a spider web‐like mesh structure in the interspaces (Fig. 1)
The study aimed to improve the osteogenic potential of the matrix material, to provide an ideal matrix material for the selective cell retention (SCR) technology and to verify the osteogenic potential of the matrix material PLL‐DBM in the goat transverse process model in order to provide an experimental basis for clinical applications
Summary
There is a significant clinical requirement for bone repair material with high osteogenic activity, and there are ~500,000 cases of bone graft operations every year in the USA [1]. [7] found that the clonality of osteoblastic progenitors could be enhanced when bone marrow was concentrated, and that bone repair materials combined with concentrated bone marrow could enhance its osteogenic potential This enhancement in osteogenic potential had a proportional correlation with the number of osteogenic cells. Using SCR technology, Brodke et al [12] took allogenic bone fiber and YE et al: OSTEOGENIC ABILITY OF A NOVEL MATRIX demineralized cancellous bone chip mixtures to enrich osteoblastic progenitor cells, and mixed SCR‐enriched grafts with PLT‐rich plasma or non‐heparinized marrow mass. The authors found similar osteogenic ability to autogenous bone in dog models of femoral defect Based on these studies and using the CELLECTTM SCR device (Depuy, NY, USA), Lee and Goodman [13] achieved a therapeutic effect in treating secondary osteonecrosis of the femoral condyles using demineralized cancellous bone chip mixtures as the matrix
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