Abstract
BackgroundAdipose derived stem cells (ADSCs) are clinically widely used somatic stem cells obtained from white adipose tissue. They are characterized by ability to differentiate e.g. into osteoblasts and might successfully regenerate bone tissue in fracture repair. However, the main problem of somatic stem cells is a documented influence of various diseases, drugs or age which can inhibit cells activity. Therefore, in the present study, we investigated the influence of insulin resistance (IR) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) on the proliferation and differentiation potential of ADSCs.MethodsThe fat from subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue was acquired by lipoaspiration from 23 voluntary participants, divided into three groups: with diabetes type 2, with insulin resistance and control healthy donors. The proliferative potential was analyzed by cell cytotoxicity assays and by mRNA expression of genes connected with proliferation. Flow cytometry was done for identifying proteins characteristic for mesenchymal stem cells and an analysis of osteogenic differentiation potential based on the assessment of osteogenic markers by real time RT-qPCR, and the evaluation of calcium deposition were also performed.ResultsThe results showed that diabetes type 2 lowered the activity of ADSCs in proliferation assays and changed their phenotypical characteristics. Interestingly, we observed differences in the proliferation potential of ADSCs in patients with insulin resistance, which is often the first phase of diabetes, compared to the control. It might suggest that insulin resistance, early-stage T2D, alters the activity of cells. Moreover, expression of osteogenesis markers was higher in cells from T2D patients than in cells from patients with IR and control.ConclusionWe conclude that type 2 diabetes changes the activity of stem cells, and insulin resistance influences on the proliferation of ADSCs.
Highlights
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disease that is caused by abnormalities in insulin secretion and by disorders in the hormone signaling pathway (Jiao et al 2015)
Patient qualification In this study we considered four clinical criteria for patients’ qualification: presence of type 2 diabetes based on level of Glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c); body mass index (BMI) level; lipid parameters disorders and insulin resistance based on HOMA-IR
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from adipose tissue can differentiate into mesodermal cells, such as osteoblasts, and they can be used in bone regeneration
Summary
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disease that is caused by abnormalities in insulin secretion and by disorders in the hormone signaling pathway (Jiao et al 2015). Skubis-Sikora et al Molecular Medicine (2020) 26:67 in adults, often in the elderly (Simpson et al 2015) Effective therapy for this type of diabetes is physical activity (O’Hagan et al 2013), a proper diet (Evert et al 2013), and pharmacotherapy (Amin and Suksomboon 2014). The abnormal activity of insulin leads to a reduction in osteocalcin production, which exacerbates insulin deficiency and leads to decreased testosterone production Both osteocalcin and testosterone are osteogenic factors, and their reduced production negatively affects bone mass and the process of bone remodeling, which increases the risk of fractures (Yan and Li 2013). Adipose derived stem cells (ADSCs) are clinically widely used somatic stem cells obtained from white adipose tissue They are characterized by ability to differentiate e.g. into osteoblasts and might successfully regenerate bone tissue in fracture repair. In the present study, we investigated the influence of insulin resistance (IR) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) on the proliferation and differentiation potential of ADSCs
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