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Abstract
BackgroundThe aim of this study was to evaluate osteogenesis ability of CAD/CAM porous zirconia scaffolds enriched with hydroxy apatite used to augment large boney defects in a dog model.MethodsSurgical defects were made bilaterally on the lower jaw of 12 Beagle dogs. Cone beam CT images were used to create three dimensional images of the healed defects. Porous zirconia scaffolds were fabricated by milling custom made CAD/CAM blocks into the desired shape. After sintering, the pores of half of the scaffolds were filled with a nano-hydroxy apatite (HA) powder while the other half served as control. The scaffolds were inserted bilaterally in the healed mandibular jaw defects and were secured in position by resorbable fixation screws. After a healing time of 6 weeks, bone-scaffold interface was subjected to histomorphometric analysis to detect the amount of new bone formation. Stained histological sections were analyzed using a computer software (n=12, α=0.05). Mercury porosimetery was used to measure pore sizes, chemical composition was analyzed using energy dispersive x-ray analysis (EDX), and the crystal structure was identified using x-ray diffraction micro-analysis (XRD).ResultsHA enriched zirconia scaffolds revealed significantly higher volume of new bone formation (33% ± 14) compared to the controls (21% ± 11). New bone deposition started by coating the pore cavity walls and proceeded by filling the entire pore volume. Bone in-growth started from the surface of the scaffold and propagated towards the scaffold core. Islands of entrapped hydroxy apatite particles were observed in mineralized bone matrix.ConclusionsWithin the limitations of this study, hydroxy apatite enhanced osteogenesis ability of porous zirconia scaffolds.
Highlights
The aim of this study was to evaluate osteogenesis ability of CAD/CAM porous zirconia scaffolds enriched with hydroxy apatite used to augment large boney defects in a dog model
The aim of this study was to evaluate osteogenesis ability of customized CAD/CAM porous zirconia scaffolds inserted in healed boney defects in the mandible of a dog model
The images were transferred to an open access CAD/ CAM software (CAMworks, Geometric Americas INC, Scottsdale, AZ) and the design of the required zirconia scaffold was reconstructed to accurately fit the modeled boney defect putting in account the expected sintering shrinkage of the material (25 vol.% shrinkage)
Summary
The aim of this study was to evaluate osteogenesis ability of CAD/CAM porous zirconia scaffolds enriched with hydroxy apatite used to augment large boney defects in a dog model. Several types of bone grafting materials are currently available which could be directly used to augment atrophic jaws before implant placement. The main drawback of these grafts is related to difficulty of preserving the required shape of the graft during the healing time [1]. Protecting the grafting material using titanium meshes or other temporary devices may not be applicable in non-accessible areas. Different types of pre-shaped bone grafting materials are currently available for augmenting atrophic ridges. One of the greatest challenges facing successful ridge augmentation is to maintain the desired shape after soft tissue closure [3]. Porous non resorbable scaffolds have the advantage of maintaining ridge shape and dimensions during healing time
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