Abstract
Modulation of the bio-regenerative characteristics of materials is an indispensable requirement in tissue engineering. Particularly, in bone tissue engineering, the promotion of the osteoconductive phenomenon determines the elemental property of a material be used therapeutically. In addition to the chemical qualities of the constituent materials, the three-dimensional surface structure plays a fundamental role that various methods are expected to modulate in a number of ways, one most promising of which is the use of different types of radiation. In the present manuscript, we demonstrate in a calvarial defect model, that treatment with ultraviolet irradiation allows modification of the osteoconductive characteristics in a biomaterial formed by gelatin and chitosan, together with the inclusion of hydroxyapatite and titanium oxide nanoparticles.
Highlights
The development of cell technologies and of materials’ synthesis is the primary goal of tissue engineering with the purpose of restoring, maintaining or improving the function of biological tissues [1]
The chitosan (2%) and nanoparticles were dispersed in acetic acid (1%)
The developed nanocomposite corresponds to a membrane composed of gelatin/chitosan, plus titanium oxide (TiO2) nanoparticles and hydroxyapatite (HAp) nanoparticles, which are uniformly distributed in the material with an approximate titanium/calcium ratio 7:3, calculated by SEM/EDX analysis (Figure 1A)
Summary
The development of cell technologies and of materials’ synthesis is the primary goal of tissue engineering with the purpose of restoring, maintaining or improving the function of biological tissues [1]. The biomaterials with osteoinductive and osteoconductive characteristics represents one of the most important strategies in the development of therapies for the treatment of osteodegenerative diseases and different bone lesions [3]. Osteoinduction refers to the process of transformation of primitive, undifferentiated and pluripotent cells into lineages that will form new bone [4,5]. This cell differentiation occurs thanks to different environmental factors where hydroxyapatite and titanium nanoparticles are prominent [6,7,8], those promote the transformation of undifferentiated mesenchymal cells into preosteoblasts [9]. Several studies have been carried out with the aim of obtaining biocomposites that combine the characteristics of titanium and hydroxyapatite in order to improve the adhesion of osteoblasts, promote proliferation and improve the mechanical characteristics of biomaterials [11,12,13]
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