Osteochondroma of Coronoid Process in a Pediatric Patient: Treatment and Literature Review of Jacob's Disease

Abstract

Benign unilateral hypertrophy of mandibular coronoid process is an uncommon condition wherein abnormal growth takes place in histologically normal bone. As first described in 1899 by French anatomist Oscar Jacob, the condition is termed JacobÕs disease when an osteochondroma within the coronoid results in development of a pseudo-joint with the zygoma. The literature has also described clinical and radiographic evidence of pseudo-joint with histologic diagnosis of cartilage with coronoid hyperplasia, osteoma, or exostoses, depending on the bone:cartilage ratio.1 The main sequelae of this enlargement are progressive limitation in mandibular opening, expansion of the zygoma or zygomatic arch, and deflection of the mandible to the affected side. As of 2016, only 43 cases of histology-proven cases of JacobÕs disease have been published in the literature.2