Abstract
BackgroundWith change in concepts of growth determination methods, there is a surge in the measurement of biomarkers for appraisal of growth status. Osteocalcin is a bone-specific protein and was observed to parallel the normal growth curve. Hence, the present study was intended to assess the levels of serum osteocalcin and serum insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and compare them with cervical vertebral maturation index (CVMI) stages.MethodsThe cross-sectional study was performed on 150 subjects (75 males and 75 females) in the age group of 8–20 years and segregated into six CVMI stages. Serum osteocalcin and IGF-1 were estimated by ELISA. Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare the mean ranks of serum osteocalcin and serum IGF-1 with different CVMI stages. Spearman correlation was performed to find association between serum osteocalcin and serum IGF-1 across six CVMI stages.ResultsPeak serum IGF-1 levels were obtained at CVMI stages 4 and 3 for males and females, respectively, with insignificant difference between stages 3 and 4 in females. Peak serum osteocalcin levels were found at stage 5 and 3 for males and females with insignificant difference from other stages except stages 5 and 6 in males. A statistically significant correlation was seen between serum IGF-1 and serum osteocalcin across six CVMI stages (P < 0.01).ConclusionsOsteocalcin followed IGF-1 across all CVMI stages but showed insignificant interstage differences.
Highlights
With change in concepts of growth determination methods, there is a surge in the measurement of biomarkers for appraisal of growth status
Peak values for insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) were observed at cervical vertebral maturation index (CVMI) stage 4 in males and CVMI stage 3 in females
Higher serum testosterone levels found in late puberty [30] and significant positive correlation between osteocalcin and testosterone as reported by Johansen et al [18] might be the cause of peak osteocalcin levels observed at CVMI stage 5 in males in our study
Summary
With change in concepts of growth determination methods, there is a surge in the measurement of biomarkers for appraisal of growth status. The present study was intended to assess the levels of serum osteocalcin and serum insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and compare them with cervical vertebral maturation index (CVMI) stages. With the changing concepts in growth determination methods, growth can be assessed via measurement of extracellular bone matrix constituents, which are molecular signatures of the skeletal growth process [8]. Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) is one such matrix constituent, which has been profoundly researched for its role in both prenatal and postnatal skeletal growth. It facilitates growth under the action of growth hormone and is directly stimulated by androgens to accelerate growth velocity [9]. Among all bone matrix constituents, only osteocalcin is unique to bone and can serve as a sensitive and specific serum marker for bone formation [11]
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