Osseointegration for Lower-Extremity Amputees: Operative Considerations from the Plastic Surgeon's Perspective.

Abstract

Osseointegration for lower-extremity amputees, while increasing in frequency, remains in its relative infancy compared with traditional socket-based prostheses. Ideal candidates for osseointegration have documented failure of a traditional prosthesis and should be skeletally mature, have adequate bone stock, demonstrate an ability to adhere to a longitudinal rehabilitation protocol, and be in an otherwise good state of health. Lowering the reoperation rate for soft-tissue complications depends heavily on surgical technique and on the implant device itself; the current gold standard involves a smooth implant surface for dermal contact as well as maximal skin resection to prevent skin breakdown against the prosthesis. This may include the need for thighplasty to optimize skin reduction. Interdisciplinary peripheral nerve management, such as targeted muscle reinnervation, performed in tandem with a plastic surgery team can treat existing and prevent future symptomatic neuromas, ultimately improving pain outcomes.