Abstract
BackgroundThe SWR1 complex is important for the deposition of histone variant H2A.Z into chromatin necessary to robustly regulate gene expression during growth and development. In Arabidopsis thaliana, the catalytic subunit of the SWR1-like complex, encoded by PIE1 (PHOTOPERIOD-INDEPENDENT EARLY FLOWERING1), has been shown to function in multiple developmental processes including flowering time pathways and petal number regulation. However, the function of the PIE1 orthologs in monocots remains unknown.Methodology/FindingsWe report the identification of the rice (Oryza sativa) ortholog, OsPIE1. Although OsPIE1 does not exhibit a conserved exon/intron structure as Arabidopsis PIE1, its encoded protein is highly similar to PIE1, sharing 53.9% amino acid sequence identity. OsPIE1 also has a very similar expression pattern as PIE1. Furthermore, transgenic expression of OsPIE1 completely rescued both early flowering and extra petal number phenotypes of the Arabidopsis pie1-2 mutant. However, homozygous T-DNA insertional mutants of OsPIE1 in rice were embryonically lethal, in contrast to the viable mutants in the orthologous genes for yeast, Drosophila and Arabidopsis (Swr1, DOMINO and PIE1, respectively).Conclusions/SignificanceTaken together, our results suggest that OsPIE1 is the rice ortholog of Arabidopsis PIE1 and plays an essential role in rice embryo development.
Highlights
Chromatin remodeling is a dynamic process that controls eukaryotic gene expression critical for various developmental events
The OsPIE1 cDNA molecule was sequenced and the sequence has been deposited into the NCBI GenBank with an accession number GQ906768
Together with phylogenetic analysis using yeast Swr1 and its orthologs in Arabidopsis, rice, human and Drosphila (Figure 1E), these results suggest that OsPIE1 protein is more closely related to Arabidopsis PHOTOPERIOD-INDEPENDENT EARLY FLOWERING 1 (PIE1) than to any other homologues from human, yeast, and Drosophila
Summary
Chromatin remodeling is a dynamic process that controls eukaryotic gene expression critical for various developmental events. Chromatin remodeling involves histone modifications, histone variant deposition and DNA methylation. Knockdown transgenic plants of HTA8, HT9 and HTA11 individually or all three genes together are viable [4,5,6] It has not been determine whether H2A.Z is essential for Arabidopsis development through analysis of knockout mutants. The SWR1 complex is important for the deposition of histone variant H2A.Z into chromatin necessary to robustly regulate gene expression during growth and development. In Arabidopsis thaliana, the catalytic subunit of the SWR1-like complex, encoded by PIE1 (PHOTOPERIOD-INDEPENDENT EARLY FLOWERING1), has been shown to function in multiple developmental processes including flowering time pathways and petal number regulation. The function of the PIE1 orthologs in monocots remains unknown
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