Abstract
The bureaucratic elite of the Ottoman Empire initiated a modernization process during the 19th century in order to prevent the decline of the Empire. However, the Protestant missionary schools that were established as part of the modernization process played a significant role for strengthening ethnic nationalism in general and Armenian nationalism in particular. As a reaction to the rise of ethnic nationalism, the bureaucratic elite tried to create a homogeneous nation thorugh eliminating ethnic nationalisms. This idea of creating a homogeneous nation has been the basic philosophy of the early Republican era.
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