Osmanlı Modern Mekteplerinde Mükâfat

Abstract

Osmanli modernlesmesinin ilk basladigi alanlardan biri de egitimdir. Askeri basarinin egitime dayali oldugu bilindiginden Avrupa tarzi askeri birlikler kurulurken modern askeri okullar da acilmaya baslanmistir. Egitimde modernlestirme sureci sonraki donemlerde acilan mulki okullarla devam ettirilmistir. Yeni egitim kurumlarinda programdan ogretim yontemine kadar modern pedagojik yontemler kullanilmistir. Uygulanan yontemlerden biri de basariyi attirmak kullanilan odullendirme sistemidir. Rusdiye mektepleri ogretime basladiginda da odullendirme yontemi uygulanmistir. Yilsonu sinavlari devlet adamlari ve ulema huzurunda, bir toren havasinda yapilarak basarili olanlar odullendirilmek suretiyle bir ust sinifa gecirilmistir. Dereceye girenlerden birincilere “sim nisan” ve “altin madalya”, ikinci ve ucunculere de yine derecelerine gore oduller verilmistir. Bu okullardan mezun olanlar mezuniyet derecelerine gore devlet kurumlarina tayin edilmistir. Modern okullar tasrada yayginlastiktan sonra oduller de torensel nitelik kazanmistir. Vilayetlerde ilkogretim, ortaogretim okullarinda ogretim yili sonunda odul torenleri duzenlenmis, torenlerin duzenlenmesi ve verilen odullerin masraflari merkezi veya mahalli butcelerden karsilanmistir. Bazi okullarda dogrudan maddi destek olarak para odulu, bazilarinda altin, gumus gibi madalyalar verilmis, bazilarinda ise daha cok manevi degeri olan kitap, bayrak gibi oduller verilmistir. Bu calismada Osmanli arsiv belgelerinden hareketle oduller nitelik ve nicelik yonunden incelenmistir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Rusdiye, Osmanli Mektepleri, Odul Sistemi, Turk Egitim Tarihi. REWARD IN THE MODERN OTTOMAN SCHOOLS Abstract: Education was the beginning field of the Ottoman modernization. As known, education was the basis of the military success and military schools were opened while Europe style military garrison were founded. The other military and civil schools were opened and the period of opening modern schools were continued. In the new education foundation, modern pedagogic methods were used in both programs and teaching methods. It was realized that rewarding is an effective method of increasing student achievement. The rewarding method was also used when Rusdiye schools (Ottoman junior high school) were started teaching. Additionally, year-end exams were done like a ceremony in the presence of ministers and high officials and ulama. Successful students were rewarded. “Sim nisan” and “gold medal” was given the first degree student as a reward, second and third degree students were also rewarded as their degree. The students who graduated from these schools were inducted body politics as their graduation degree. When modern schools became widespread at boondocks, the rewards were given as a ceremony. Prize-giving ceremonies were arranged at the primary and high schools in the province and the costs of the rewards and ceremonies were paid from central or local budget. Some schools gave money reward for financial support, some other schools gave gold or silver medal and others gave book or flag as moral. In this study through Ottoman Archives of Turkey, rewards were examined in the way of quantity and quality. Keywords: Rusdiye, Ottoman’s School, Reward System, History of Turkish Education