Abstract
Glioma is the most frequent primary brain tumor that causes high mortality and morbidity with poor prognosis. There are four grades of gliomas, I to IV, among which grade II and III are low-grade glioma (LGG). Although less aggressive, LGG almost universally progresses to high-grade glioma and eventual causes death if lacking of intervention. Current LGG treatment mainly depends on surgical resection followed by radiotherapy and chemotherapy, but the survival rates of LGG patients are low. Therefore, it is necessary to use prognostic biomarkers to classify patients into subgroups with different risks and guide clinical managements. Using gene expression profiling and long-term follow-up data, we established an Online consensus Survival analysis tool for LGG named OSlgg. OSlgg is comprised of 720 LGG cases from two independent cohorts. To evaluate the prognostic potency of genes, OSlgg employs the Kaplan-Meier plot with hazard ratio and p value to assess the prognostic significance of genes of interest. The reliability of OSlgg was verified by analyzing 86 previously published prognostic biomarkers of LGG. Using OSlgg, we discovered two novel potential prognostic biomarkers (CD302 and FABP5) of LGG, and patients with the elevated expression of either CD302 or FABP5 present the unfavorable survival outcome. These two genes may be novel risk predictors for LGG patients after further validation. OSlgg is public and free to the users at http://bioinfo.henu.edu.cn/LGG/LGGList.jsp.
Highlights
Glioma is the most frequent primary brain tumor with four grades from grade I to IV
Astrocytoma accounts for 37% of all the low-grade glioma (LGG) patients (n = 196), oligoastrocytoma accounts for 26% (n = 134) and oligodendroglioma accounts for 37% (n = 195) (Table S1)
We found that the prognostic abilities of CD302 and Fatty acid-binding protein 5 (FABP5) were independent of the critical clinical features of LGG patients, including histologic grade, therapy and primary therapy outcome (Figures 8, 9, Figures S6, S7)
Summary
Glioma is the most frequent primary brain tumor with four grades from grade I to IV. Grade IV glioma is known as glioblastoma, while grade II and III glioma refer to low-grade glioma (LGG) designated by World Health Organization (WHO) [1,2,3,4]. LGG includes three histological types: astrocytoma, oligodendroglioma, and oligoastrocytoma [4,5,6], while oligoastrocytoma is no longer. Less aggressive than high-grade glioma, LGG eventually advances to high-grade glioma without intervention therapy [5, 8]. Some patients would be tolerant or resistant to such uniform treatment and progress to relapse and eventual lead to death faster than the others [5, 8], maybe due to the molecular heterogeneity of LGG [10,11,12], so the optimum timing of the therapeutic schedule needs to be determined case by case [13]
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