Abstract
백제 한성기의 왕성으로 알려진 풍납토성의 축조연대는 고고학 분야의 대표적인 논쟁사항 중 하나이다. 이 연구에서는 풍납토성의 축조연대 편년을 위해 7 개의 토기 시료에 대하여 OSL 연대측정을 수행하였다. 연대측정에 앞서 TL/OSL 신호 관찰 및 절대영년도 평가, 재현성 평가를 수행한 결과, 풍납토성 토기 시료는 절대영년이 완벽히 이루어졌으며 고고선량은 <TEX>$220^{\circ}C$</TEX> 열전처리 온도의 단일시료재현법으로부터 신뢰도 높은 값이 산출되었다. 산출된 고고선량을 연간선량율로 나누어 풍납토성 토기 시료의 OSL 연대를 결정하였다. 풍납토성의 축조연대 편년을 위해 각 토기 시료의 OSL 연대와 고고학적 맥락, 14C 연대 등을 종합하여 판단한 결과, 풍납토성의 초축시점을 <TEX>$294{\pm}52$</TEX> yrs AD (<TEX>$1{\sigma}$</TEX> SE), 제 III 단계 증축을 <TEX>$328{\pm}30$</TEX> yrs AD (<TEX>$1{\sigma}$</TEX> SE), 최종성벽의 완성을 <TEX>$400{\pm}76$</TEX> yrs AD (<TEX>$1{\sigma}$</TEX> SE)로 비정하였다. 따라서 풍납토성은 서기 3세기 후반에 초축된 이후 475년 백제의 웅진천도 이전까지 여러 번의 중축 및 개축이 이루어졌음을 알 수 있었다. Construction era of Pungnabtoseong earthen wall is one of the most popular controversial issues in Korean archaeological research. For the evaluation of construction era, OSL dating was carried out using seven pottery pieces collected in each construction stage. From TL/OSL characteristics, and the results of absolute zeroing test and recovery test, it was proved that the pottery samples were completely bleached. The reliable paleodose was evaluated by using the SAR method with preheat at <TEX>$220^{\circ}C$</TEX>, and the pottery OSL age was determined from the ratio of paleodose to annual dose rate. Considering the resultant OSL ages, archaeological context and the related 14C ages, the first construction era was determined as <TEX>$294{\pm}52$</TEX> yrs AD (<TEX>$1{\sigma}$</TEX> SE). Also we found that the enlargement of construction stage III was <TEX>$328{\pm}30$</TEX> yrs AD (<TEX>$1{\sigma}$</TEX> SE) and final construction was finished within <TEX>$400{\pm}76$</TEX> yrs AD (<TEX>$1{\sigma}$</TEX> SE). Therefore, it is suggested that the construction of Pungnabtoseong earthen wall was firstly started in the late <TEX>$3^{rd}$</TEX> century AD and several enlargements and repairs had been carried out, before the transfer of the capital of Baekje dynasty to Woongjin (Gongju) at 475 AD.
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