Abstract
The National Socialist government of Germany was hostile to all modernistic movements in literature and art and to all liberal political and social ideas. It forced into exile or into concentration camps many German writers who had flourished during the period from 1914 to 1934, and it publicly burned their writings. Some of those who went into exile formed centers of German literary life in such cities as Zurich, Amsterdam, and Paris; others took up residence in the United States, Mexico, Palestine, and Russia. Among the notable writers who went into exile were Hermann Broch, Robert Musil, Alfred D6blin, Bruno Frank, Carl Zuckmayer, Alfred Neumann, Franz Werfel, Arnold Zweig, Thomas and Heinrich Mann, and Oskar Maria Graf (deceased June 28, 1967). Because of the regimentation of opinion and the persecution of writers of independent thought, new writers of importance did not appear in Germany during the period of Nazi control.
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