Abstract
Our objective was to determine if there are any distinguishable phase cone clustering patterns present near to epileptic spikes. These phase cones arise from episodic phase shifts due to the coordinated activity of cortical neurons at or near to state transitions and can be extracted from the high-density scalp EEG recordings. The phase cone clustering activities in the low gamma band (30–50 Hz) and in the ripple band (80–150 Hz) were extracted from the analytic phase after taking Hilbert transform of the 256-channel high density (dEEG) data of adult patients. We used three subjects in this study. Spatiotemporal contour plots of the unwrapped analytic phase with 1.0 ms intervals were constructed using a montage layout of 256 electrode positions. Stable phase cone patterns were selected based on the criteria that the sign of the spatial gradient did not change for at least three consecutive time samples and the frame velocity was within the range of propagation velocities of cortical axons. These plots exhibited dynamical formation of phase cones which were higher in the seizure area as compared with the nearby surrounding brain areas. Spatiotemporal oscillatory patterns were also visible during ±5 sec period from the location of the spike. These results suggest that the phase cone activity might be useful for noninvasive localization of epileptic sites and also for examining the cortical neurodynamics near to epileptic spikes.
Highlights
IntroductionEpileptiform spikes can be observed in scalp EEG data. When present, these discharges are highly correlated with the occurrence of clinical seizures.e mechanism of the formation of these epileptic spikes could be related to the interconnected activity of cortical neurons
During interictal periods, epileptiform spikes can be observed in scalp EEG data
Our results indicate that there is a connection between phase cone formations and epileptic spike activity and this finding will be very useful for studying the spatiotemporal behavior of the formation and dissipation of epileptic spikes in scalp EEG data
Summary
Epileptiform spikes can be observed in scalp EEG data. When present, these discharges are highly correlated with the occurrence of clinical seizures.e mechanism of the formation of these epileptic spikes could be related to the interconnected activity of cortical neurons. Epileptiform spikes can be observed in scalp EEG data. Analysis of phase cone [1,2,3] formations near to epileptic spikes derived from the high-density, 256channel, scalp EEG has the potential to explore and identify this coordinated cortical activity. By using this technique, our results indicate that there is a connection between phase cone formations and epileptic spike activity and this finding will be very useful for studying the spatiotemporal behavior of the formation and dissipation of epileptic spikes in scalp EEG data. A newer procedure based on conditional probabilities has been developed to optimize the detection of Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine phase cones in the visual cortex of the above described rabbit EEG data [4]
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