Orthotopic kidney transplant: a valid surgical alternative for complex patients.

Abstract

Kidney transplant is the best alternative of treatment for patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). At present, a significant part of patients admitted to waiting list are older and have previous transplants or severe vascular atheromatosis. In these cases, orthotopic kidney transplant (OKT) could be an option. The aim of the study is to present our results with this technique in terms of surgical steps, complications, and outcomes. Between January 1977 and August 2014, 1549 kidney transplants were performed in our transplant unit. Nine of them were OKT and were performed according to principles described by Gil-Vernet. All data were reviewed retrospectively. Nine OKTs were performed in seven males and two females, with a mean age of 49.3 years (range 24-67). Donor mean age was 40.5 (18.5-62.5) and the follow-up mean time was of 91.8 months (8-226). Seven cases were first transplants and two were third transplants, all of them from deceased donors. Indication for the OKT was an unsuitable iliac region in six (66.6%) and abnormalities in the low urinary tract or urinary diversions in three (33.3%). Delayed graft function (DGF) was present in 22.2% (2/9). Three patients (33.3%) developed early surgical complications: one bleeding (Clavien IIIb), one arterial thrombosis (IIIb), and one pancreatic leak (IIIb). Two patients (25%) had late complications: one ureteral stricture (IIIb) and one reflux nephropathy (IIIa). Mean serum creatinine after OKT was 1.7, 1.5, and 1.8 mg/dl at 1 month, 1 year, and 5 years, respectively. Mean graft survival was 80.7 months (range 0-226). At present, three patients are alive with functioning graft, three patients died with functioning graft, two patients returned to dialysis many years after the transplant, and one lost the graft due to an arterial thrombosis in the early postoperative course. OKT is a valid option for patients with unsuitable iliac regions such as those with third transplants, severe atheromatosis, or vena cava thrombosis. It is also an option for those patients with urinary diversions. Functional results are good, although it is a technique not exempted from complications. Two thirds of the patients have a long-term survival of the graft, and a third of the patients die with functioning graft.