Orthostatic proteinuria due to inferior vena cava interruption without nutcracker phenomenon in an old obese female: a case report and literature review

Abstract

BackgroundNutcracker syndrome (NCS) caused by left renal vein (LRV) entrapment, is one of the most common causes of orthostatic proteinuria. In stereotype, orthostatic proteinuria is often accompanied by left renal vein obstruction and is found in young and underweight individuals. Here, we report a rare case with orthostatic proteinuria in an old obese female caused by a rare type of congenital inferior vena cava (IVC) interruption.Case presentationA 65-year-old obese woman, who suffered from fluctuated proteinuria, had been misdiagnosed as chronic glomerulitis for 30 years. Instead of having any sign of NCS, she had a unique type of IVC interruption. Most venous blood from infrarenal IVC and right kidney drained into her LRV, and then through the expanded communicating vessel, drained into the left ascending lumbar vein which extended as hemiazygos vein. To the best of our knowledge, this is one of the first cases reported of orthostatic proteinuria attributed to the subsequent hemodynamic irregularity caused by IVC interruption without nutcracker phenomenon.ConclusionAdult-onset orthostatic proteinuria is relatively rare, hard to be recognized and could be misdiagnosed as chronic glomerulonephritis. The case provided a novel differential diagnostic condition for those who suffered from fluctuated proteinuria of unknown causes.