Abstract
Orthohantaviruses give rise to the emerging infections such as of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) and hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) in Eurasia and the Americas, respectively. In this review we will provide a comprehensive analysis of orthohantaviruses distribution and circulation in Eurasia and address the genetic diversity and evolution of Puumala orthohantavirus (PUUV), which causes HFRS in this region. Current data indicate that the geographical location and migration of the natural hosts can lead to the orthohantaviruses genetic diversity as the rodents adapt to the new environmental conditions. The data shows that a high level of diversity characterizes the genome of orthohantaviruses, and the PUUV genome is the most divergent. The reasons for the high genome diversity are mainly caused by point mutations and reassortment, which occur in the genome segments. However, it still remains unclear whether this diversity is linked to the disease’s severity. We anticipate that the information provided in this review will be useful for optimizing and developing preventive strategies of HFRS, an emerging zoonosis with potentially very high mortality rates.
Highlights
Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) and hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS)are zoonotic infections commonly diagnosed in Eurasia and the Americas, respectively
The results revealed differences in phylogenetic topologies, which can be explained by orthohantaviruses evolving when switching from the natural host, which differs from the co-evolution hypothesis [109]
Orthohantaviruses are characterized by a high level of genetic diversity
Summary
Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) and hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS). While the molecular evolution of orthohantaviruses can lead to the emergence of strains that are more adapted to the rodent host, it is believed that the strain’s genome variations could lead to the substantial changes in the virus pathogenicity in humans [30]. Between adjacent rodent populations [34] that are infected with different strains This is common in bank vole’ communities as co-circulation of two PUUV strains within a limited area have been reported in Finland [34], Sweden [29], Latvia [18] and Russia [35]. The analysis of the PUUV diversity in European regions and others still remains limited To address this gap of knowledge, we aimed to provide a comprehensive review of the orthohantaviruses distribution and circulation in Eurasia.
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