Abstract
Two-dimensional imaging records, as conventional radiographies, are part of the orthodontic clinic routine; frontal sinus images are often present in these exams. The characteristics of the frontal sinus are information of great relevance for the Forensic Sciences, as their images may be used for human identification purposes. With the advent of new three-dimensional technologies and computerized image examinations such as Computed Tomography (CT), three-dimensional analysis of the frontal sinuses has become possible. This article evaluates the possibilities of human identification using frontal sinuses 2D and 3D images and the role of orthodontists in this context. Pubmed, SciELO, LILACS and Web of Science were used as databases. As inclusion criteria, were selected texts concerning the studied issue. Although the analysis of frontal sinuses is traditionally carried out using two-dimensional images, there is a growing trend of studies employing CT scans. Cone-Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) is an important diagnosis tool, more frequently used in orthodontics, which allows a three-dimensional approach and great precision in measurements. Together with two-dimensional analysis of frontal sinuses, 3D images are of great value for human identification. Although three-dimensional analysis is not yet a routine, its Forensic use is undoubtedly an excellent tool provided by new technologies. It is important that the orthodontist knows this possibility by properly keeping the patients’ imaging exams.
Highlights
Frontal sinuses are bilateral structures and, like fingerprints, they are unique in each individual
As frontal sinuses present a different morphology for each person, they can be employed for human identification
The frontal sinus radiographic analysis is a useful tool for human identification, as it usually provides a high degree of precision
Summary
Frontal sinuses are bilateral structures and, like fingerprints, they are unique in each individual They are commonly observed in imaging exams asked by orthodontits, as radiographies and tomographies. They are part of patients’ dental records. As frontal sinuses present a different morphology for each person, they can be employed for human identification. The identification process presents itself in a complex, systematic and organized way; its main objective is to verify the identity (a set of physical, functional or psychological, normal or pathological characteristics, which qualifies the individual as identical only to himself) of a person (Xavier et al, 2015; Nikam et al, 2015). Identification is a challenging task for humanity, it presents great significance, because in addition to addressing humanitarian issues, it has direct implications in civil and criminal procedures (Dostalova et al, 2012)
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