Oropharyngeal Deglutition in Stable COPD

Abstract

The aim of this study was to examine deglutition in stable patients with COPD and lung hyperinflation. Twenty consecutive, eligible COPD patients with an FEV(1) < or = 65% of predicted and a total lung capacity > or = 120% of predicted were enrolled prospectively. Patients received a detailed videofluoroscopic evaluation of oropharyngeal swallowing and were compared to 20 age-matched and sex-matched historical control subjects. An outpatient pulmonary clinic at a Veterans Affairs Medical Center. The mean total lung capacity, functional residual capacity, and residual volume for the patients were 128% of predicted, 168% of predicted, and 218% of predicted, respectively. The mean FEV(1) was 39% of predicted. There was no evidence of tracheal aspiration in either group. The laryngeal position at rest measured relative to the cervical vertebrae was not different between groups. The maximal laryngeal elevation during swallowing was significantly lower in patients with COPD (p < 0.001). Patients with COPD exhibited more frequent use of spontaneous protective swallowing maneuvers such as longer duration of airway closure and earlier laryngeal closure relative to the cricopharyngeal opening than did control subjects (p < 0.05). We conclude that hyperinflated patients with COPD have an altered swallowing physiology. We suspect that the protective alterations in swallowing physiology (swallow maneuvers) may reduce the risk of aspiration. However, these swallowing maneuvers may not be useful during an exacerbation and may require further research.