Abstract
Oropharyngeal candidiasis (OPC) is the most common opportunistic fungal infection reported in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positive patients worldwide. This prospective study was undertaken to investigate OPC and Candida colonization (CC) and their correlation with CD4+ cell counts and antiretroviral therapy (ART) in HIV-positive patients. In total, 190 HIV-positive patients were enrolled for study in three groups as follows: Group A, 90 patients without ART; Group B, 100 patients undergoing treatment with ART; and Group C, 75 HIV-negative control patients. All HIV patients underwent clinical examination and were subjected to CD4+ cell counts. Swabs were collected from the oral cavity of all individuals and plated on Sabouraud's dextrose agar. Identification of Candida species was performed by conventional methods. Candida species were isolated in 84/190 (44.2%) and 20/75 (26.6%) of the HIV-positive subjects and controls respectively (p<0.01). OPC was noted in 21/190 (11%) of the HIV-positive patients. Candida albicans was the most frequently isolated species. Patients with CD4+ cell counts ≤ 200 cells/mm3 were significantly (p<0.001) more frequently colonized (37/63; 58.7%) and infected (18/21; 85.7 %) with Candida species. Candida species was seen in patients with CC and OPC with CD4+cell counts between 201 and 500 (21/63; 33.4% vs 3/21; 14.3%) and > 500 cell/mm3 (5/63; 7.9% versus 0/21 0%) respectively. OPC and Candida colonization occur more frequently in HIV-positive patients with CD4+ cell counts ≤ 200 cell/mm3. ART significantly reduces OPC. C. albicans is the most frequently isolated species in both OPC and colonization, suggesting endogenous infection.
Highlights
Oropharyngeal candidiasis (OPC) is the most common opportunistic fungal infection reported in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positive patients worldwide
In the present study, 190 HIV-positive patients were designated into two groups: group A (n = 90) without antiretroviral therapy (ART) and group B (n = 100) with ART
Candida species was isolated from the oral cavity in 84/190 (44.2%) HIV-positive patients and in 20/75 (26.6%) of HIV-negative patients
Summary
Oropharyngeal candidiasis (OPC) is the most common opportunistic fungal infection reported in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positive patients worldwide. This prospective study was undertaken to investigate OPC and Candida colonization (CC) and their correlation with CD4+ cell counts and antiretroviral therapy (ART) in HIV-positive patients. Many factors contribute to the development of oropharyngeal candidiasis (OPC) including malnutrition, poor oral hygiene, dental malocclusion, and immunosuppression [2]. The current epidemic of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a major cause of immunosuppression. According to the Joint United Nations Programme (2009) on HIV/AIDS [3] and the National AIDS Control Organization (2008) [4], there are an estimated 2.4 million cases of HIV infection worldwide and 22.7 per 100,000in India respectively.
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
