Abstract
Numerical experiments using a mesoscale meteorological model (MM5) were performed to evaluate the mountainous orographical effects on heavy rainfalls brought by Typhoon 0514 (NABI), which caused a flooding disaster in the southeast Kyushu area of Japan. The numerical modeling studies examined three terrain conditions using a numerical model: A flat terrain with altitude 1 m above mean sea level; an idealized, line-shaped mountain terrain; and a complex terrain using topography data from the U.S. Geological Survey. Although the total observed rainfall due to Typhoon 0514 was greater than 1,000 mm , the rainfall value calculated using the flat terrain conditions was 250–300 mm ; and the value calculated using the complex terrain conditions was 500–900 mm . This discrepancy was found to result from the evolution of convective cells, generated by water vapor lifted along the mountain slope in the windward areas. The ratio of forecasted rainfall with and without orography provides an important index for evalua...
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