Abstract
BackgroundChronic granulomatous disease is an extremely rare primary immunodeficiency syndrome that can be associated with various oral complications. This can affect high number of patients. However, data on oral complications is sparse. Here we will review the literature and describe the orofacial findings in 12 patients.FindingsThe age range was 5-31 years. Oral findings were variable, and reflected a low level of oral hygiene. They included periodontitis, rampant caries, gingivitis, aphthous-like ulcers, and geographic tongue. One patient had white patches on the buccal mucosa similar to lichen planus. Another patient had a nodular dorsum of the tongue associated with fissured and geographic tongue. Biopsies from the latter two lesions revealed chronic non-specific mucositis. Panoramic radiographs showed extensive periodontitis in one patient and periapical lesions in another patient.ConclusionPatients with chronic granulomatous disease may develop oral lesions reflecting susceptibility to infections and inflammation. It is also possible that social and genetic factors may influence the development of this complication. Therefore, oral hygiene must be kept at an optimum level to prevent infections that can be difficult to manage.
Highlights
Chronic granulomatous disease is an extremely rare primary immunodeficiency syndrome that can be associated with various oral complications
It is possible that social and genetic factors may influence the development of this complication
Oral hygiene must be kept at an optimum level to prevent infections that can be difficult to manage
Summary
Chronic granulomatous disease is an extremely rare primary immunodeficiency syndrome that can be associated with various oral complications. This can affect high number of patients. Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) is an extremely rare congenital immune deficiency syndrome with an incidence of 1:250,000 individuals. It is characterized by recurrent severe infections due to the inability of neutrophils and macrophages to mount a respiratory burst and kill invading bacteria and fungi. It is not clear to what extent these complications can be attributed to CGD since many of them are common in the general population [3]
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