Abstract
Abstract The purpose of this symposium is to summarize the recent advance in the study of oro‐facial anomalies in human. An understanding of the normal events in the embryonic development of the face facilitates the study of oro‐facial and also cranio‐facial anomalies. Embryological studies have revealed that the neural crest plays a major role in normal development of the face. The deficient formation, migration and proliferation in the neural crest cells and their derivatives around the cephalic region may be involved in defects of these structures. Observations of normal and abnormal human embryos are basically important, and a newly developed manipulation technique of cultured animal embryos and fetuses may provide us an effective information on the teratogenesis. In addition to the facial cleft, a special attention has been paid to the 1st and 2nd branchial syndromes. Associated anomalies with oro‐facial defects, especially those of midline structure including the brain may provide us the knowledge on tissue interaction in the morphogenesis and on therapeutic consideration. Since a higher frequency of cleft lip and palate among Japanese infants was reported, epidemiological data have to be analysed to search etiological factors, i.e., genetic and environmental factors. We realized, in this symposium, we could have a communication between the basic and clinical sciences on oro‐facial anomalies.
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