Abstract
Dendrobium is the largest genus of orchids most of which have excellent medicinal properties. Fresh stems of some species have been consumed in daily life by Asians for thousands of years. However, there are differences in flavour and clinical efficacy among different species. Therefore, it is necessary for a detector to establish an effective and rapid method controlling botanical origins of these crude materials. In our study, three spectroscopies including mid-infrared (MIR) (transmission and reflection mode) and near-infrared (NIR) spectra were investigated for authentication of 12 Dendrobium species. Generally, two fusion strategies, reflection MIR and NIR spectra, were combined with three mathematical models (random forest, support vector machine with grid search (SVM-GS) and partial least-squares discrimination analysis (PLS-DA)) for discrimination analysis. In conclusion, a low-level fusion strategy comprising two spectra after pretreated by the second derivative and multiplicative scatter correction was recommended for discrimination analysis because of its excellent performance in three models. Compared with MIR spectra, NIR spectra were more responsible for the discrimination according to a bi-plot analysis of PLS-DA. Moreover, SVM-GS and PLS-DA were suitable for accurate discrimination (100% accuracy rates) of calibration and validation sets. The protocol combined with low-level fusion strategy and chemometrics provides a rapid and effective reference for control of botanical origins in crude Dendrobium materials.
Highlights
This article has been edited by the Royal Society of Chemistry, including the commissioning, peer review process and editorial aspects up to the point of acceptance
The results indicated that NIR spectra contributed for the discrimination of D. hookerianum, D. cariniferum, D. hancockii, D. hercoglossum, D. moschatum, D. xichouense, D. loddigesii and D. officinale
MIR spectra and NIR spectra after pretreated by SD and MSC were investigated for species discrimination
Summary
This article has been edited by the Royal Society of Chemistry, including the commissioning, peer review process and editorial aspects up to the point of acceptance. The protocol combined with low-level fusion strategy and chemometrics provides a rapid and effective reference for control of botanical origins in crude Dendrobium materials. Dendrobium is the largest genus of orchids containing more than 1000 species and 76 species (two variations) that are consumed as functional food and medical plants, especially in Yunnan and Zhejiang provinces of China [2]. Among these species, Dendrobium officinale is recommended as the functional food and medicinal material by China Food and Drugs Administration, while other three species (D. nobile, D. chrysotoxum and D. fimbriatum) just are regulated for clinical usage. Non-Tiepi Fengdou crude materials have been consumed for years, the cost for their cultivation is more inexpensive than that of D. officinale
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