ORIGINAL ARTICLE: Monoclonal autoantibodies to the TSH receptor, one with stimulating activity and one with blocking activity, obtained from the same blood sample

Abstract

SummaryObjective Patients who appear to have both stimulating and blocking TSHR autoantibodies in their sera have been described, but the two activities have not been separated and analysed. We now describe the isolation and detailed characterization of a blocking type TSHR monoclonal autoantibody and a stimulating type TSHR monoclonal autoantibody from a single sample of peripheral blood lymphocytes.Design, patients and measurements Two heterohybridoma cell lines secreting TSHR autoantibodies were isolated using standard techniques from the lymphocytes of a patient with hypothyroidism and high levels of TSHR autoantibodies (160 units/l by inhibition of TSH binding). The ability of the two new monoclonal antibodies (MAbs; K1‐18 and K1‐70) to bind to the TSHR and compete with TSH or TSHR antibody binding was analysed. Furthermore, the effects of K1‐18 and K1‐70 on cyclic AMP production in Chinese hamster ovary cells (CHO) cells expressing the TSHR were investigated.Results One MAb (K1‐18) was a strong stimulator of cyclic AMP production in TSHR‐transfected CHO cells and the other (K1‐70) blocked stimulation of the TSHR by TSH, K1‐18, other thyroid‐stimulating MAbs and patient serum stimulating type TSHR autoantibodies. Both K1‐18 (IgG1 kappa) and K1‐70 (IgG1 lambda) bound to the TSHR with high affinity (0·7 × 1010 l/mol and 4 × 1010 l/mol, respectively), and this binding was inhibited by unlabelled K1‐18 and K1‐70, other thyroid‐stimulating MAbs and patient serum TSHR autoantibodies with stimulating or blocking activities. V region gene analysis indicated that K1‐18 and K1‐70 heavy chains used the same V region germline gene but different D and J germline genes as well as having different light chains. Consequently, the two antibodies have evolved separately from different B cell clones.Conclusions This study provides proof that a patient can produce a mixture of blocking and stimulating TSHR autoantibodies at the same time.