Abstract
Simple SummaryIndigenous domestic animals are derived from “wild” ancestors that have been domesticated as far back as 11,000 BP. In this investigation, we concentrate on indigenous domestic animals such as cattle, sheep, goats, pigs, and chickens and consider their fertility potential. In South Africa alone, more than 60 indigenous domestic breeds have been listed, and by and large, their sperm quality is similar to high fertility exotic breeds. Why are these indigenous breeds important? Particularly during the last 7000 years, different races migrated with their domestic animals, mainly from Northern to Southern Africa, and the animals were exposed to droughts, food scarcity, and many endo- and ecto-parasites. Accordingly, these animals are well-adapted to the harsh conditions of Southern Africa, and it is important to include them in breeding programs to exploit their favorable traits.Indigenous domestic animals such as cattle, sheep, goats, pigs, and chickens have a natural resistance to endo- and ecto-parasites and are tolerant in terms of harsh environmental conditions. These species orginated from the Fertile Cresent between 12,000 and 10,000 BP before migrating into surrounding continents. In view of limited information on the reproductive status of indigenous breeds, it is important to examine their semen characteristics in order to select males to improve livestock production. We have largely relied on existing literature but also our published and ongoing research on sperm quality assessment of several indigenous breeds. The sperm quality of these breeds is similar to current commercial breeds and has been quantified using cutting-edge methods. In this context, we have presented sperm functional tests which provide a better estimate of semen quality than just a standard semen analysis. Initial results suggest that the indigenous breeds have a high sperm quality and sperm functionality similar to currently farmed exotic or crossbreeds. In the long-term, the importance of preserving the favorable traits of these breeds is a priority in view of crossbreeding with existing good meat and milk producers.
Highlights
IntroductionAnimal domestication in its simplest form refers to a free-ranging or wild species that has been confined by humans for breeding and selection over thousands of years
Animal domestication in its simplest form refers to a free-ranging or wild species that has been confined by humans for breeding and selection over thousands of years.It is important to note that domestication and the taming of animals are not referring to the same process; taming is a conditioned modification in an animal’s behavior, whereas domestication is a genetic modification of a bred lineage that results in a predisposition toward human association [1].In this paper, we will be focusing on the reproductive or fertility potential of indigenous domestic male animals
When farming with indigenous domestic animals, there seem to be two approaches that are important, namely, on the one hand, good scientific farming practices to ensure that the pure breeds are optimally managed and that all their valuable genes are protected
Summary
Animal domestication in its simplest form refers to a free-ranging or wild species that has been confined by humans for breeding and selection over thousands of years. Female reproduction will not be discussed in detail; this does not imply that female reproduction is not important. Terminologies such as indigenous, native, and endemic will briefly be visited in the context. Indigenous species naturally and are not acciof domestication. A native species is indigenous to aregion specific or ecosystem. In conlatter.inAthe native species is indigenous to a specific orregion ecosystem. Endemic species isspecies exclusively found infound a particular place [3–5]
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