Abstract
We present a new method to realize a vector magnetometer that has been optically referenced to an external coordinate system. The vector magnetometer is made up of three Hall sensors attached to the orthogonal faces of a glass cube. When placed in a homogeneous magnetic field, rotating the vector magnetometer around two axes allows the orientation of each sensor to be determined with respect to the glass cube. The orientation of the glass cube is detected by an autocollimator and optically referenced to an external coordinate system. A direction uncertainty below $130~\mu $ rad (which is traceable to angle standards) is achieved.
Highlights
Vector measurements of field distributions are crucial for geomagnetism and space applications [1], [2]
We present a new approach to determine the orientation of the magnetic field sensors to an external reference frame
These phase differences allow correction angles to be determined for each sensor, which links their orientation to the face of the glass cube
Summary
Vector measurements of field distributions are crucial for geomagnetism and space applications [1], [2]. For vector measurements of the magnetic flux density, three sensors in perpendicular orientation that measure the flux density projection to a sensitive plane can be used The orthogonality of these sensors can be determined in a constant field through rotation and a scalar fit procedure [1], [2]. One way to achieve a relation to an external reference is to use optical alignment to a distant object by mounting the magnetometer on a non-magnetic theodolite and performing a 180◦ rotation scheme [5], [6]. Another approach is to measure the orientation of the magnetometer relative to an attached glass cube.
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